Many common discriminators used for code tracking of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are ratios of quadratic forms of the correlation outputs. Here we derive a general expression for the gain of this type of discriminator and show that it depends on the effective copyright-to-noise ratio. We then evaluate this expression for several different code discriminators and ... https://www.patricianorvellmakeupandhair.com/product-category/vintage-posters/